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<div class="WordSection1"> <h1>初&#32423;&#20391;反饋控制 (PSR) &#30005;源供&#24212;器的&#32518;&#32447;&#34917;&#20607;</h1> <p class="MsoNormal">Cable Compensation of a Primary-Side-Regulation (PSR) Power Supply</p> <p><br></p> <h2 id="__Bookmark__0">摘要</h2> <p>&#32518;&#32447;&#34917;&#20607;是用&#26469;&#34917;&#20607;&#32518;&#32447;阻抗因&#30005;流流&#32463;而&#20135;生的&#30005;&#21387;降,以便提供&#30005;池充&#30005;器等&#24212;用一&#31283;定充&#30005;&#30005;&#21387;的方法。本&#24212;用&#39035;知介&#32461;一种新的、被&#31216;&#20026;&#32518;&#32447;&#20943;法&#34917;&#20607; (cable minus compensation) 的&#34917;&#20607;方法,并以之&#20026;例&#26469;&#35828;明在初&#32423;&#20391;反饋控制 (PSR, Primary Side Regulation) 反激式&#36716;&#25442;器中&#32518;&#32447;&#34917;&#20607;的概念和&#35774;&#35745;方法,其分析&#32467;果也&#23558;藉&#30005;路仿真&#32467;果&#26469;&#36827;行&#39564;&#35777;。</p> <p><br><br></p> <h2 id="__Bookmark__1">1. &#31616;介</h2> <p>初&#32423;&#20391;反饋控制 (PSR,Primary Side Regulation) 的反激式&#36716;&#25442;器,因具有低成本与控制&#31616;易的优&#28857;,被&#24191;泛地&#24212;用于离&#32447;式&#30005;池充&#30005;器上。在初&#32423;&#20391;反饋控制中,二次&#20391;的&#36755;出&#30005;&#21387;是透&#36807;初&#32423;&#20391;之&#36741;助&#32447;圈 (auxiliary winding) &#36827;行&#38388;接&#26816;&#27979;的,&#35813;&#26816;&#27979;信&#21495;再&#32463;由精确的&#20390;&#27979;&#30005;路&#23545;&#36755;出&#36827;行控制可得到很好的&#31283;&#21387;&#36755;出。然而,&#36825;些&#24212;用中的&#30005;子&#20135;品像手机或平板&#30005;&#33041;等&#35774;&#22791;在充&#30005;&#26102;通常都&#20250;透&#36807;一&#26465;&#38271;&#32518;&#32447;与&#30005;源&#36716;&#25442;器 (adapter) &#36830;接,若适配器的&#36755;出&#20026;一&#20010;&#31283;定的&#30005;&#21387;源,&#24403;&#36755;出&#30005;流流&#36807;&#32518;&#32447;阻抗&#26102;,就&#20250;在&#32518;&#32447;上形成&#30005;&#21387;降,&#36830;接&#36127;&#36733;的另一端&#30005;&#21387;&#21017;&#20250;相&#24212;&#21464;低。此降低的充&#30005;&#30005;&#21387;不&#20165;可能&#20250;造成&#30005;池充&#30005;&#26102;&#38388;延&#38271;,甚至可能&#20250;&#26080;法符合充&#30005;&#30005;&#21387;的&#35268;格,&#36825;在低&#21387;大&#30005;流的充&#30005;&#24212;用上表&#29616;尤其&#20005;重。&#22270;一可用&#26469;&#35828;明此&#29616;象。</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <a class="fancybox" href="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image001_zh-cn.jpg"> <img id="圖片 22" alt="Technical Document Image Preview" height="232" src="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image001_zh-cn.jpg" width="347"></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal">&#22270;一、&#32518;&#32447;阻抗所造成的&#30005;&#21387;降</p> <p>&#32518;&#32447;&#34917;&#20607;的概念,就是控制&#36755;出&#30005;&#21387; V<sub>O </sub>&#38543;&#36755;出&#30005;流 I<sub>O</sub> 以&#32518;&#32447;阻抗 R<sub>cable</sub> &#32447;性上升,&#36827;而&#36798;到一&#31283;定之充&#30005;&#30005;&#21387; V<sub>Bat</sub>。&#22270;二&#26174;示&#20004;种&#23454;&#29616;&#32518;&#32447;&#34917;&#20607;的方法,其中一种&#31216;&#20026;&#32518;&#32447;加法&#34917;&#20607; (cable plus compensation),其方法是把&#36755;出&#30005;流 I<sub>O</sub> 透&#36807;一直流增益 K 形成&#34917;&#20607;信&#21495; K&#8729;I<sub>O</sub>,&#23558;此&#34917;&#20607;信&#21495;加到&#21442;考&#30005;&#21387; V<sub>REF </sub>上,再&#23558;&#32467;果&#36755;入至&#35823;差放大器的非反相端。所需的&#34917;&#20607;&#30005;&#21387;可以借&#30528;&#34917;&#20607;信&#21495; K&#8729;I<sub>O</sub> 准确地反映在&#21442;考&#30005;&#21387;的增量上,而直流增益K值可以由式 (1) 得到。而另一种&#32518;&#32447;&#34917;&#20607;方法&#31216;&#20026;&#32518;&#32447;&#20943;法&#34917;&#20607; (cable minus compensation),其作法是&#20174;反饋&#30005;&#21387; V<sub>FB </sub>&#20943;去&#34917;&#20607;信&#21495; K&#8729;I<sub>O</sub> 后,再&#32463;由阻抗 Z<sub>i</sub> &#36755;入至&#35823;差放大器的反相端。</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <a class="fancybox" href="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image002_zh-cn.png"> <img alt="Technical Document Image Preview" height="34" src="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image002_zh-cn.png" width="169"></a> (1)</p> <p>&#36951;憾的是,PSR 方法&#26080;法直接得到二次&#20391;&#36755;出&#30005;流&#35759;&#21495;。但&#24212;用上&#20026;了可准确&#20390;&#27979;二次&#20391;&#36755;出&#30005;&#21387;&#35759;&#21495;,反激式&#36716;&#25442;器大都是操作在不&#36830;&#32493;&#23548;通模式 (DCM, discontinuous conduction mode) 下,因此,二次&#20391;&#36755;出&#30005;流&#35759;&#21495;便可&#38388;接&#20174;初&#32423;&#20391;&#30005;流&#35759;&#21495;得到。&#22270;三是一&#20010;有&#32518;&#32447;&#20943;法&#34917;&#20607;的 PSR 反激式&#36716;&#25442;器之&#30005;路&#22270;。&#22270;中,&#34917;&#20607;信&#21495; V<sub>CC</sub> &#20174;初&#32423;&#20391;&#30005;流信&#21495; I<sub>P</sub> &#24320;始,&#32463;由&#30005;流&#26816;&#27979;&#30005;阻 R<sub>S</sub> &#23558;初&#32423;&#20391;&#30005;流信&#21495;IP&#36716;&#25442;成&#30005;&#21387;信&#21495;V<sub>CS</sub>,再通&#36807;一&#20010;&#32531;&#20914;器后形成,以此&#38388;接估&#35745;&#36755;出&#30005;流。&#32531;&#20914;器由一&#20010;直流增益&#20026; K<sub>CC </sub>的放大器和一&#20010;低通&#28388;波器 (LPF, low pass filter) 构成,它&#20204;需要被仔&#32454;地&#35774;&#35745;。如果 LPF 的截止&#39057;率或直流增益 K<sub>CC </sub>未作适&#24403;的&#35774;&#35745;,&#36755;出&#30005;&#21387;可能&#20250;有&#36807;&#34917;或少&#34917;的情形&#21457;生,甚至可能&#20135;生振&#33633;的&#38382;&#39064;造成&#30005;路工作不&#31283;定。在下一&#33410;中,我&#20204;&#23558;&#38024;&#23545; PSR 反激式&#36716;&#25442;器的&#32518;&#32447;&#34917;&#20607;器和反饋控制&#35774;&#35745;&#36827;行完整&#35814;&#23613;的小信&#21495;分析。</p> <p class="a2"> <a class="fancybox" href="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image003_zh-cn.jpg"> <img id="圖片 38" alt="Technical Document Image Preview" height="202" src="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image003_zh-cn.jpg" width="274"></a><a class="fancybox" href="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image004_zh-cn.jpg"><img id="圖片 41" alt="Technical Document Image Preview" height="202" src="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image004_zh-cn.jpg" width="274"></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal">&#22270;二、&#32518;&#32447;&#34917;&#20607;方法: (A) &#32518;&#32447;加法&#34917;&#20607; (B) &#32518;&#32447;&#20943;法&#34917;&#20607;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <a class="fancybox" href="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image005_zh-cn.jpg"> <img id="圖片 44" alt="Technical Document Image Preview" height="322" src="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image005_zh-cn.jpg" width="593"></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal">&#22270;三、有&#32518;&#32447;&#20943;法&#34917;&#20607;的 PSR 反激式&#36716;&#25442;器之&#30005;路&#22270;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br><br></p> <h2 id="__Bookmark__2">2. 有&#32518;&#32447;&#34917;&#20607;的 PSR 反激式&#36716;&#25442;器的小信&#21495;分析</h2> <p>&#22270;四所示&#20026;一有&#32518;&#32447;&#20943;法&#34917;&#20607;的 PSR 反激式&#36716;&#25442;器的控制方&#22359;&#22270;。表一&#24402;&#32435;列出在控制方&#22359;&#22270;中所用到的&#36716;&#25442;函&#25968;。&#20174;&#22270;四的控制方&#22359;&#22270;中,&#20004;&#20010;回路增益 T<sub>1</sub> 和 T<sub>2</sub>,分&#21035;代表&#20174;反&#39304;回路中的 A &#28857;和 B &#28857;打&#26029;所得到的回路增益,式(2)和式(3)分&#21035;&#20026;它&#20204;的表&#36798;式,且是以&#30005;&#21387;回路增益 T<sub>V</sub> 和&#30005;流回路增益 T<sub>C</sub> &#26469;表示的。T<sub>V</sub> 和 T<sub>C</sub> &#21017;可分&#21035;用式(4)和式(5)表示。</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <a class="fancybox" href="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image006_zh-cn.png"> <img alt="Technical Document Image Preview" height="19" src="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image006_zh-cn.png" width="104"></a> (2)</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <a class="fancybox" href="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image007_zh-cn.png"> <img alt="Technical Document Image Preview" height="36" src="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image007_zh-cn.png" width="87"></a> (3)</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <a class="fancybox" href="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image008_zh-cn.png"> <img alt="Technical Document Image Preview" height="19" src="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image008_zh-cn.png" width="199"></a> (4)</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <a class="fancybox" href="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image009_zh-cn.png"> <img alt="Technical Document Image Preview" height="19" src="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image009_zh-cn.png" width="184"></a> (5)</p> <p>&#24403;&#32518;&#32447;&#34917;&#20607;&#21442;与在反&#39304;回路&#26102;,令人惊&#35766;的是回路增益 T<sub>2</sub> 是一&#20010;正反&#39304;回路,即&#36755;出&#30005;&#21387; V<sub>O</sub> 和&#35823;差放大器&#36755;出 V<sub>COM </sub>有相同相位。正反&#39304;回路&#20542;向于&#35753;系&#32479;&#21464;得不&#31283;定,然而,借&#30528;加上&#36127;反&#39304;回路可使系&#32479;&#21464;&#20026;&#31283;定。回路增益 T<sub>1</sub> &#21017;提供&#36127;反&#39304;回路,并可用&#26469;&#20915;定系&#32479;的&#31283;定度。&#24403;回路增益 T<sub>1</sub> 以 –20 dB/decade 的斜率通&#36807; 0 dB,并且有足&#22815;的相位裕量&#26102;,即可&#28385;足系&#32479;&#31283;定的要求。</p> <p>&#34429;然回路增益 T<sub>2</sub> 不用于&#20915;定系&#32479;的&#31283;定度,但它影&#21709;&#36755;出阻抗。&#20174;&#22270;四的控制方&#22359;&#22270;,&#36755;出阻抗可以由式 (6) &#26469;表示。不同于以往的是,&#36755;出阻抗希望愈低愈好,以&#36798;到好的&#36127;&#36733;&#21709;&#24212;;但&#20026;了要提供适&#24403;的&#32518;&#32447;&#34917;&#20607;,反而希望&#36755;出阻抗&#20026;一&#36127;值阻抗以抵消&#32518;&#32447;阻抗。若能&#23558;&#36755;出阻抗&#35774;&#35745;成 -Rcable,&#21017;形同&#32518;&#32447;阻抗等效被抵消,如此充&#30005;&#30005;&#21387;便可保持&#31283;定而不&#20250;有任何的&#30005;&#21387;降低。</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <a class="fancybox" href="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image010_zh-cn.png"> <img alt="Technical Document Image Preview" height="36" src="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image010_zh-cn.png" width="125"></a> (6)</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <a class="fancybox" href="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image011_zh-cn.jpg"> <img id="圖片 47" alt="Technical Document Image Preview" height="284" src="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image011_zh-cn.jpg" width="434"></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal">&#22270;四、有&#32518;&#32447;&#20943;法&#34917;&#20607;的PSR反激式&#36716;&#25442;器的控制方&#22359;&#22270;</p> <p class="MsoNormal">表一、有&#32518;&#32447;&#34917;&#20607;的 PSR 反激式&#36716;&#25442;器之&#36716;&#25442;函&#25968;</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="margin-left: 76.3pt; border-collapse: collapse; border: none"> <tr style="height: 17.0pt"> <td style="width: 163.0pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.0pt" width="217"> <p class="MsoNormal">Control to output</p> </td> <td style="width: 7.0cm; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.0pt" width="265"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <a class="fancybox" href="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image012_zh-cn.png"> <img alt="Technical Document Image Preview" height="48" src="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image012_zh-cn.png" width="155"></a></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17.0pt"> <td style="width: 163.0pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.0pt" width="217"> <p class="MsoNormal">Line to output</p> </td> <td style="width: 7.0cm; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.0pt" width="265"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <a class="fancybox" href="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image013_zh-cn.png"> <img alt="Technical Document Image Preview" height="51" src="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image013_zh-cn.png" width="181"></a></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17.0pt"> <td style="width: 163.0pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.0pt" width="217"> <p class="MsoNormal">Open loop output impedance</p> </td> <td style="width: 7.0cm; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.0pt" width="265"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <a class="fancybox" href="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image014_zh-cn.png"> <img alt="Technical Document Image Preview" height="48" src="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image014_zh-cn.png" width="149"></a></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17.0pt"> <td style="width: 163.0pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.0pt" width="217"> <p class="MsoNormal">Voltage divider gain</p> </td> <td style="width: 7.0cm; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.0pt" width="265"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <a class="fancybox" href="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image015_zh-cn.png"> <img alt="Technical Document Image Preview" height="34" src="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image015_zh-cn.png" width="110"></a></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17.0pt"> <td style="width: 163.0pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.0pt" width="217"> <p class="MsoNormal">Compensator</p> </td> <td style="width: 7.0cm; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.0pt" width="265"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <a class="fancybox" href="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image016_zh-cn.png"> <img alt="Technical Document Image Preview" height="39" src="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image016_zh-cn.png" width="201"></a></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17.0pt"> <td style="width: 163.0pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.0pt" width="217"> <p class="MsoNormal">Cable compensator</p> </td> <td style="width: 7.0cm; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.0pt" width="265"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <a class="fancybox" href="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image017_zh-cn.png"> <img alt="Technical Document Image Preview" height="34" src="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image017_zh-cn.png" width="121"></a></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17.0pt"> <td style="width: 163.0pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.0pt" width="217"> <p class="MsoNormal">Modulation gain</p> </td> <td style="width: 7.0cm; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.0pt" width="265"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <a class="fancybox" href="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image018_zh-cn.png"> <img alt="Technical Document Image Preview" height="34" src="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image018_zh-cn.png" width="99"></a></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17.0pt"> <td style="width: 163.0pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.0pt" width="217"> <p class="MsoNormal">Feed forward gain</p> </td> <td style="width: 7.0cm; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.0pt" width="265"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <a class="fancybox" href="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image019_zh-cn.png"> <img alt="Technical Document Image Preview" height="33" src="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image019_zh-cn.png" width="103"></a></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17.0pt"> <td style="width: 163.0pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.0pt" width="217"> <p class="MsoNormal">Sample &amp; hold</p> </td> <td style="width: 7.0cm; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.0pt" width="265"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <a class="fancybox" href="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image020_zh-cn.png"> <img alt="Technical Document Image Preview" height="37" src="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image020_zh-cn.png" width="104"></a></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17.0pt"> <td style="width: 163.0pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.0pt" width="217"> <p class="MsoNormal">Line to primary side current gain</p> </td> <td style="width: 7.0cm; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.0pt" width="265"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <a class="fancybox" href="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image021_zh-cn.png"> <img alt="Technical Document Image Preview" height="37" src="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image021_zh-cn.png" width="82"></a></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17.0pt"> <td style="width: 163.0pt; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.0pt" width="217"> <p class="MsoNormal">Duty to primary side current gain</p> </td> <td style="width: 7.0cm; border-top: none; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height: 17.0pt" width="265"> <p class="MsoNormal"> <a class="fancybox" href="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image022_zh-cn.png"> <img alt="Technical Document Image Preview" height="34" src="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image022_zh-cn.png" width="108"></a></p> </td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal"><br><br></p> <h2 id="__Bookmark__3">3. 反饋控制&#35774;&#35745;</h2> <p>透&#36807;&#20174;反饋&#30005;&#21387; V<sub>FB</sub> &#20943;去&#34917;&#20607;信&#21495; K&#8729;I<sub>O </sub>是可以有效地&#36798;成&#32518;&#32447;&#34917;&#20607;。然而,在 PSR &#24212;用中,真正的&#34917;&#20607;信&#21495;是 V<sub>CS</sub> 值&#32463;直流增益 K<sub>CC </sub>后的平均值。由式 (7) 可得&#20026;&#36798;适&#24403;&#32518;&#32447;&#34917;&#20607;所需的直流增益值 K<sub>CC</sub>。&#36739;低的 K<sub>CC</sub> 值&#20250;&#23548;致&#36755;出&#30005;&#21387;&#34917;&#20607;不足,但是&#36739;高的 K<sub>CC</sub> 值&#20250;造成&#36755;出&#30005;&#21387;&#34917;&#20607;&#36807;度而可能&#23548;致不&#31283;定的&#38382;&#39064;。</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <a class="fancybox" href="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image023_zh-cn.png"> <img alt="Technical Document Image Preview" height="37" src="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image023_zh-cn.png" width="189"></a> (7)</p> <p>&#20026;了取得 K<sub>CC</sub>&#8729;V<sub>CS </sub>的平均值,低通&#28388;波器 (LPF) 必&#39035;&#28388;除信&#21495;中的高&#39057;部份。&#24403; LPF 截止&#39057;率&#36739;低&#26102;,可有效衰&#20943; K<sub>CC</sub>&#8729; V<sub>CS </sub>的高&#39057;信&#21495;,可使系&#32479;&#36739;&#20026;&#31283;定,但如此一&#26469;,便需要&#36739;大的被&#21160;元件而造成&#30005;路面&#31215;增大,在&#23454;&#38469;芯片&#30005;路&#35774;&#35745;上,并不是很好的&#36873;&#25321;。因此,截止&#39057;率的&#36873;&#25321;就必&#39035;在元件大小及系&#32479;效能上作适&#24403;取舍。</p> <p>&#34917;&#20607;器的&#35774;&#35745;目&#26631;是找到适&#24403;的&#34917;&#20607;器增益 G<sub>EA</sub>,好使回路增益 T<sub>1</sub> 在所指定的相位裕量下能&#28385;足&#24102;&#23485;的要求。&#34917;&#20607;器的&#35774;&#35745;可根据 (8) 和 (9) 式&#36827;行。&#24403; G<sub>do</sub>&#8729;K<sub>D</sub> 的幅度大于 K<sub>DP</sub>&#8729;R<sub>S</sub>&#8729;G<sub>CC</sub> 的幅度&#26102;,G<sub>d</sub> 就近似于 G<sub>do</sub>&#8729;K<sub>D</sub>,而 G<sub>do</sub>&#8729;K<sub>D </sub>的&#36716;移函&#25968;有一&#20010;&#38543;&#36127;&#36733;&#21464;&#21160;的极&#28857;和一&#20010;左半平面的零&#28857;。用&#20256;&#32479;的&#30005;&#21387;模式控制,&#34917;&#20607;器可以&#35774;&#35745;成一&#20010;极&#28857;在原&#28857;,另外有一&#20010;零&#28857;&#26469;&#34917;&#20607;系&#32479;的极&#28857;,使得最后的回路增益 T<sub>1</sub> 以 –20 dB/decade 的斜率通&#36807; 0dB,&#36798;到足&#22815;的相位裕量即可使得系&#32479;可以&#31283;定。</p> <p>然而,如果 K<sub>DP</sub>&#8729;R<sub>S</sub>&#8729;G<sub>CC </sub>和 G<sub>do</sub>&#8729;K<sub>D </sub>的幅度很接近&#26102;,G<sub>d </sub>&#20250;&#21464;成有&#20004;&#20010;极&#28857;和&#20004;&#20010;零&#28857;的&#36716;移函&#25968;,其&#20851;系式如式 (9) 所示。若 LPF 的截止&#39057;率如&#22270;五所示逐&#28176;增加,&#24403;截止&#39057;率超&#36807;某一&#39057;率&#26102;,K<sub>DP</sub>&#8729;R<sub>S</sub>&#8729;G<sub>CC</sub> 的幅度&#24320;始大于 G<sub>do</sub>&#8729;K<sub>D</sub>,&#36825;&#26102;Gd&#20004;&#20010;左半平面的零&#28857;便&#20250;移至右半平面,系&#32479;&#21017;&#20250;&#36235;于不&#31283;定。所以,根据上述分析,&#35774;&#35745;者可先假&#35774; K<sub>DP</sub>&#8729;R<sub>S</sub>&#8729;G<sub>CC</sub> 的幅度小于 G<sub>do</sub>&#8729;K<sub>D </sub>的幅度,用式 (8) &#26469;&#35774;&#35745;&#34917;&#20607;器,之后再&#35774;&#35745; LPF 的截止&#39057;率,&#35753; K<sub>DP</sub>&#8729;R<sub>S</sub>&#8729;G<sub>CC</sub> 的幅度永&#36828;小于 G<sub>do</sub>&#8729;K<sub>D</sub>,如此系&#32479;就可以&#36798;到&#31283;定的&#29366;&#24577;。</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <a class="fancybox" href="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image024_zh-cn.png"> <img alt="Technical Document Image Preview" height="23" src="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image024_zh-cn.png" width="357"></a> (8)</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <a class="fancybox" href="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image025_zh-cn.png"> <img alt="Technical Document Image Preview" height="68" src="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image025_zh-cn.png" width="402"></a> (9)</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <a class="fancybox" href="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image026_zh-cn.jpg"> <img id="圖片 55" alt="Technical Document Image Preview" height="286" src="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image026_zh-cn.jpg" width="470"></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal">&#22270;五、K<sub>DP</sub>&#8729;R<sub>S</sub>&#8729;G<sub>CC</sub> 和 G<sub>do</sub>&#8729;K<sub>D </sub>的曲&#32447;&#22270;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br><br></p> <h2 id="__Bookmark__4">4. &#30005;路仿真&#39564;&#35777;</h2> <p>以&#30005;路仿真&#26469;&#39564;&#35777;理&#35770;分析&#32467;果,所用&#21442;&#25968;列于下。V<sub>IN</sub> = 156V,V<sub>Bat</sub> = 5V,I<sub>O</sub> = 1A,L<sub>M</sub> = 1.5mH,C<sub>O</sub> = 1mF,r<sub>C</sub> = 20mΩ,R<sub>S</sub> = 4.5Ω,R<sub>cable</sub> = 240mΩ,N<sub>P</sub> : N<sub>S</sub> : N<sub>A</sub> = 15 : 1 : 1.4,f<sub>S</sub> = 50kHz,V<sub>REF</sub> = 1.2V,gm = 100μA/V,R<sub>comp</sub> = 215kΩ,C<sub>comp</sub> = 12nF,R<sub>a</sub> = 29kΩ,R<sub>b</sub> = 6kΩ,R<sub>1</sub> = 100kΩ,C<sub>1</sub> = 5nF 且 K<sub>CC</sub> = 400m。&#22270;六同&#26102;&#26174;示有&#32518;&#32447;&#34917;&#20607;和&#27809;有&#32518;&#32447;&#34917;&#20607;的模&#25311;波形&#22270;,在不同的&#36127;&#36733;&#26465;件下,&#32518;&#32447;&#34917;&#20607;都适&#24403;地提供一&#31283;定之充&#30005;&#30005;&#21387;。&#22270;七和&#22270;八分&#21035;&#26174;示回路增益 T<sub>1</sub> 和 T<sub>2</sub>。由&#22270;可知,&#30005;路仿真&#32467;果与分析&#35745;算&#32467;果非常吻合,系&#32479;的&#24102;&#23485;和相位裕量是由回路增益 T<sub>1</sub> &#20915;定,且由&#22270;八可知回路增益 T<sub>2</sub> 是正反饋。&#22270;九&#26174;示的是&#36755;出阻抗,它在低&#39057;的增益接近于 R<sub>cable</sub>,不&#36807;相位是&#20174; 180° &#24320;始,也就是它提供了&#36127;阻抗以有效抵消&#32518;&#32447;阻抗。</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <a class="fancybox" href="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image027_zh-cn.jpg"> <img id="圖片 59" alt="Technical Document Image Preview" height="293" src="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image027_zh-cn.jpg" width="554"></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal">&#22270;六、有&#32518;&#32447;&#34917;&#20607;和&#27809;有&#32518;&#32447;&#34917;&#20607;的模&#25311;波形&#22270;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <a class="fancybox" href="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image028_zh-cn.jpg"> <img id="圖片 62" alt="Technical Document Image Preview" height="236" src="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image028_zh-cn.jpg" width="597"></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal">&#22270;七、回路增益 T<sub>1</sub> 的波德&#22270;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <a class="fancybox" href="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image029_zh-cn.jpg"> <img id="圖片 65" alt="Technical Document Image Preview" height="236" src="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image029_zh-cn.jpg" width="597"></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal">&#22270;八、回路增益 T<sub>2</sub> 的波德&#22270;</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <a class="fancybox" href="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image030_zh-cn.jpg"> <img id="圖片 71" alt="Technical Document Image Preview" height="236" src="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image030_zh-cn.jpg" width="597"></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal">&#22270;九、&#36755;出阻抗的波德&#22270;</p> <p>&#22270;十&#26174;示分&#21035;在不同的 C<sub>1</sub> 值而&#20135;生不同的 LPF 截止&#39057;率之下,&#36755;出&#30005;&#21387;仿真波形与回路增益 T<sub>1</sub> 的&#35745;算&#32467;果。&#20174;&#32467;果&#21457;&#29616;,C<sub>1</sub> 容值小而&#35753; LPF 截止&#39057;率&#21464;高&#20250;造成系&#32479;不&#31283;定,而根据前面回路增益 T<sub>1</sub> 的分析&#32467;果,此不&#31283;定的&#29616;象也可&#20174;其增益余量或相位余量得到&#39044;&#27979;。所以,&#24403; R<sub>1</sub> 恒定&#26102;,可由 K<sub>DP</sub>&#8729;R<sub>S</sub>&#8729;G<sub>CC</sub> 和 G<sub>do</sub>&#8729;K<sub>D </sub>的波德&#22270;&#26469;&#20915;定&#35753;系&#32479;&#31283;定的最小&#30005;容 C<sub>1</sub>。&#22270;十一&#26174;示 K<sub>DP</sub>&#8729;R<sub>S</sub>&#8729;G<sub>CC</sub> 和 G<sub>do</sub>&#8729;K<sub>D </sub>的波德&#22270;在不同 C<sub>1</sub> &#29366;&#20917;下的表&#29616;,由&#35813;&#22270;可&#21457;&#29616; C<sub>1</sub> 至少&#39035;大于 3nF 才能使得 K<sub>DP</sub>&#8729;R<sub>S</sub>&#8729;G<sub>CC </sub>永&#36828;小于G<sub>do</sub>&#8729;K<sub>D</sub>。&#32463;&#36807;&#30005;路仿真可知&#35753;系&#32479;&#31283;定的最小 C<sub>1</sub> 值&#20026; 4nF,&#36825;&#39564;&#35777;了上述分析的&#32467;果。</p> <p>&#22270;十二&#26174;示在各&#20010;不同 C<sub>1</sub> 值&#26102;,回路增益 T<sub>1</sub> 的&#24102;&#23485;和相位裕量&#22270;形。由&#22270;可知,&#24403; C<sub>1</sub> 值&#36739;大&#26102;,系&#32479;&#20250;有&#36739;高的&#24102;&#23485;与相位裕量;但是,&#24403; C<sub>1</sub> 超&#36807;某一定值后,系&#32479;效能&#26080;法再有&#26174;著的改善,只是付出不必要的成本而已。由此可知,本文所提出的小信&#21495;分析方法,能&#20026;反饋&#35774;&#35745;提供有效的&#24110;助。</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <a class="fancybox" href="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image031_zh-cn.jpg"> <img id="圖片 90" alt="Technical Document Image Preview" height="508" src="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image031_zh-cn.jpg" width="561"></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal">&#22270;十、在不同 C<sub>1</sub> 值下,充&#30005;&#30005;&#21387; V<sub>Bat </sub>的&#30005;路仿真波形&#22270;和回路增益 T<sub>1</sub> 的&#35745;算&#32467;果。</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <a class="fancybox" href="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image032_zh-cn.jpg"> <img id="圖片 93" alt="Technical Document Image Preview" height="252" src="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image032_zh-cn.jpg" width="327"></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal">&#22270;十一、不同 C<sub>1</sub> 值&#26102; K<sub>DP</sub>&#8729;R<sub>S</sub>&#8729;G<sub>CC</sub> 和 G<sub>do</sub>&#8729;K<sub>D </sub>的&#22270;形</p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <a class="fancybox" href="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image033_zh-cn.jpg"> <img id="圖片 96" alt="Technical Document Image Preview" height="256" src="/content/dam/richtek-eds/resources/application-notes/an011/html-images-zh-cn/image033_zh-cn.jpg" width="352"></a></p> <p class="MsoNormal">&#22270;十二、不同 C<sub>1</sub> 值下,回路增益 T<sub>1</sub> 的&#24102;&#23485;与相位裕量的&#22270;形</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br><br></p> <h2 id="__Bookmark__5">5. &#24635;&#32467;</h2> <p>本文提出了一&#20010;&#24212;用在 PSR 反激式&#36716;&#25442;器上的&#32518;&#32447;&#34917;&#20607;方式以解&#20915;在&#30005;池充&#30005;器&#24212;用中的因&#32518;&#32447;阻抗所造成的&#30005;&#21387;降&#38382;&#39064;,其中提出的小信&#21495;模型&#20026;&#36827;行&#32518;&#32447;&#34917;&#20607;&#35774;&#35745;提供了小信&#21495;分析及反饋控制&#35774;&#35745;的完整而&#35814;&#23613;的工具,而分析的&#32467;果,也&#32463;由&#30005;路仿真得到有效的&#39564;&#35777;。</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><br><br></p> <div> <table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="width: 637.5pt; 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